Kusefedwa kwa mchenga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opangira mafuta komanso kuyeretsa madzi.Mfundo yosefa mchenga ndi miyala ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera kapena zida zosefera kuti alekanitse mchenga ndi miyala ku mafuta kapena madzi.Mkati mwa fyuluta zambiri wapangidwa ndi fyuluta TV, monga Johnson mauna, adamulowetsa mpweya, zoumba, chophimba fyuluta, chinthu fyuluta, etc. Izi fyuluta TV ndi kukula kosiyana pore ndi mawonekedwe structural, ndipo akhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana.Mafuta kapena madzi akadutsa mu fyuluta, zonyansa monga mchenga ndi miyala zimatsekeredwa pazitsulo zosefera, pamene mafuta oyera kapena madzi amatuluka kuchokera mu fyuluta.
Petroleum ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi zamakono.Komabe, mafuta a petroleum nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matope osiyanasiyana, omwe ambiri mwa iwo ndi mchenga ndi miyala.Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti titha kusokoneza ntchito yofufuza, kukonza ndi kunyamula mafuta, ndiye kuti kusefa mchenga ndikofunikira kwambiri pamsika wamafuta.
Pofuna kusefa bwino mchenga ndi miyala, makampani a petroleum atengera njira ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa njira zingapo zodziwika bwino zosefera mchenga ndi miyala:
Cholekanitsa: Cholekanitsa ndi chipangizo chomwe nthawi zambiri chimasefa mchenga ndi miyala.Imatengera mfundo ya kulekanitsa thupi, ndipo imalekanitsa mchenga ndi miyala particles mafuta pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka sedimentation, rotational centrifugal mphamvu kapena rotational mphamvu.Mfundo yogwira ntchito yolekanitsa ndikudutsa mafuta ndi mchenga particles kupyolera mu chipangizo cholekanitsa mkati mwa zipangizo, kuti mafuta azitha kudutsa bwino, pamene mchenga wa mchenga umalekanitsidwa.
Sieves: Sieves ndi njira ina yodziwika bwino yosefera mchenga ndi miyala.Imayika chophimba chosefera mupaipi yamafuta kuti itseke tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mchenga, ndikulola mafuta okha kuyenda.The fyuluta chophimba akhoza kusankha osiyana fyuluta fineness ndi zosefera zakuthupi malinga ndi zosowa.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, fyulutayo imachulukana pang'onopang'ono, kotero fyulutayo iyenera kutsukidwa kapena kusinthidwa nthawi zonse.
Catcher: Catcher ndi chimodzi mwa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posefa mchenga ndi miyala.Imagwira ndikusonkhanitsa tinthu tating'ono ta mchenga mumafuta poyika zida zosodza.Misampha nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito madengu kapena zowonera kuti zigwire tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tochotsedwa ndi zida zoyeretsera.Kusankhidwa ndi mapangidwe a misampha kumaganizira kukula ndi kachulukidwe ka mchenga wa mchenga, komanso zofunikira zoyendetsera mafuta.
Fyuluta ya Centrifugal: Fyuluta ya Centrifugal ndi chida chothandizira kusefa mchenga ndi miyala.Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kuti alekanitse tinthu tating'ono ta mchenga mumafuta.Posintha liwiro lozungulira la fyuluta ya centrifugal ndikupanga mphamvu yoyenera ya centrifugal, kusefera kwa mchenga ndi miyala yabwino kumatha kukwaniritsidwa.Zosefera za Centrifugal nthawi zambiri zimatha kunyamula mafuta ambiri ndipo zimatha kulekanitsa tinthu tating'ono ta mchenga mwachangu komanso moyenera.
Posankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosefera mchenga ndi miyala ndi zida, zinthu monga mawonekedwe amafuta, kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa mchenga ndi miyala, komanso kuyenda kwamafuta ziyenera kuganiziridwa.Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza nthawi zonse ndikuyeretsa zida zosefera ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zosefera.
Kusefa mchenga ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani amafuta.Kupyolera mu kusankha koyenera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosefera ndi zida, mtundu wamafuta ukhoza kusinthidwa, chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa zida zitha kuchepetsedwa, komanso kugwira ntchito mosalekeza komanso koyenera kwa kupanga mafuta kumatha kutsimikizika.Makampani amafuta amafuta akuyenera kulabadira ntchito yosefa mchenga ndi miyala, ndikukhalabe chidwi ndi matekinoloje atsopano ndi zida, kuti apitilize kukonza bwino kusefa ndi zotsatira zake.
Madzi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wathu.Komabe, magwero a madzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zonyansa zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimafala komanso zofala zomwe zimakhala mchenga ndi miyala.Mchengawu ukhoza kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri ku magwero a madzi, monga kusokoneza ubwino wa madzi, kutseka mapaipi, ndi kuwononga zipangizo.Choncho, kusefa mchenga ndi miyala yakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri poyeretsa magwero a madzi.
Mfundo yosefa mchenga ndi miyala m'madzi imachokera ku mfundo yakuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono sitingathe kudutsa pores a fyuluta, potero kukwaniritsa kulekana kwa madzi ndi particles.Kukula kwa pore ndi kapangidwe ka fyuluta zimatsimikizira kukula ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimatha kuchotsedwa.Zosefera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mchenga wa quartz, activated carbon, ceramics, etc.
Kuti tisefa bwino mchenga ndi miyala, titha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa umisiri wambiri ndi zida zosefera mchenga ndi miyala m'madzi:
Kulowetsa: Kulowetsa ndi njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza yosefera.Imagwiritsa ntchito zosefera zamitundu yambiri, monga mchenga wa quartz, activated carbon, etc., kusefa mchenga ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali kudzera pa intermolecular adsorption and screening.Munjira ya Infiltration, madzi amadutsa kuchokera kumtunda wosanjikiza ndipo amasefedwa wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza kudzera mu zosefera za fineness zosiyanasiyana.Njira imeneyi imatha kuchotsa mchenga particles m'madzi, komanso kuchotsa kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka organic kanthu ndi tizilombo.
Sedimentation: Sedimentation ndi njira yokhazikitsira mchenga ndi mphamvu yokoka.Titha kuchita izi ndi matanki a sedimentation kapena okhazikika.Pa nthawi ya sedimentation, madzi amagwira ntchito mwa kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mchenga umire chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka.Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mchenga timakhazikika pansi mwachangu, pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timamira pang'onopang'ono.Polamulira nthawi ya sedimentation ndi kuya kwa thanki yowonongeka, tinthu tating'ono ta mchenga tating'ono tosiyanasiyana titha kuchotsedwa.
Sieving: Sieving ndi njira yosefera mchenga kudzera mu mesh ya kukula kwa pore.Titha kuyika zida zowonera monga zowonera kapena zosefera m'madzi.Zida zowunikirazi zimakhala ndi ma pores osiyanasiyana kuti azisefa mchenga ndi miyala.Zidutswa zazikulu zidzasefa ndipo madzi oyera adzadutsamo.Njira ya sieving ndi yosavuta komanso yothandiza ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito posefera tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Kufunika kosefa mchenga ndi miyala sikunganyalanyazidwe.Mchenga wa mchenga sudzangokhudza kuwonekera ndi kukoma kwa madzi, komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa machitidwe a madzi ndi zipangizo.Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kutseka mapaipi, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kwa madzi, kuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi, ndikuwononga zida.Kusefa pafupipafupi kwa mchenga ndi miyala sikungotsimikizira chitetezo ndi ukhondo wa magwero a madzi, komanso kutalikitsa moyo wautumiki wa mapaipi ndi zida ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira.
